Improvement of pharmacokinetic parameters of BCS class IV drug for cancer treatment using nanotechnology

Polymeric nanoparticles are widely explored for drug delivery, though challenges remain in drug loading, entrapment, and release. In this study, starch nanoparticles were prepared from unripe banana fruit, which contains amylose (26–28%) and amylopectin (72–74%). Amylose promotes immediate release, while amylopectin supports sustained release, making banana starch a promising drug carrier. Quercetin-loaded starch nanoparticles were synthesized via nanoprecipitation. They showed 51.9% drug loading, particle sizes of 66.67–113.33 nm (SEM), and cumulative release of 44.84% in 1 h and 96.96% in 12 h. Antioxidant activity reached 98% inhibition in the DPPH assay. Cancer cell inhibition was dose-dependent, with nanoparticles showing stronger effects (3.11–83.48%) compared to isolated quercetin (2.11–72.45%). Histopathological studies confirmed wound healing within 21 days and suppression of inflammatory responses. These findings highlight banana starch nanoparticles as an effective carrier for quercetin with dual-release and therapeutic potential.